AUTO PLUNGE KILLS COL. A. S. WILLIAMS, ACCUSED BY BUTLER
FLORIDA GOVERNOR HAMPERING RELIEF, CHARGE OF PAYNE
PILSUDSKI IS MADE POLAND’S PREMIER
The Evening Star's front page for October 1, 1926 carried an Associated Press report from San Francisco that Col. Alexander S. Williams, the Marine recruiting chief tried at San Diego in the spring "cocktail" court-martial brought by Gen. Smedley Butler, had drowned when his car went into the bay after a night out that he had told his wife would begin with dinner at the Bohemian Club. The page also printed Red Cross chairman John Barton Payne's charge that Florida officials and real-estate operators, anxious to protect the coming winter tourist season, were playing down the September 18 hurricane and hampering relief, including a reported attempt to have Red Cross reports censored in Miami. A Warsaw dispatch reported that Marshal Pilsudski, the leader of the May coup who had stayed in the background, had taken the premiership after the Bartel cabinet resigned. This reading covers those three excerpts, not the continuations of the articles.
BARTEL’S CABINET RESIGNS WHEN DIET CUTS CREDIT ITEM
URGENT PLEA MADE FOR ADDITIONAL AID IN STRICKEN SECTOR
FEDERAL AID READY TO RELIEVE COTTON CRISIS—JARDINE
The Montgomery Advertiser's front page for October 1, 1926, carried three reports of crisis. From Warsaw, the AP reported that Premier Bartel's cabinet resigned after the Diet cut the government's credit request for the last quarter of 1926. President Moscicki, reportedly at Marshal Pilsudski's prompting, accepted the resignation instead of dissolving parliament for a January election, which economic ministers warned peasants would not turn out for in the cold. From Miami, Red Cross official James L. Fieser called the $3,000,000 raised for hurricane relief wholly inadequate. He blamed the belief that wealthy Florida could look after itself and insisted that wage earners had borne the burden. From Alabama, Agriculture Secretary W. M. Jardine told Farm Bureau president Edward A. O'Neal that organized cotton farmers could get 65 percent of the market price from the Intermediate Credit Bank in New Orleans. O'Neal urged that the surplus be handled through the farmers' own organization.
The Vossische Zeitung of 1 October 1926 reported that German, French, Belgian and Luxembourg industrialists had concluded the international steel cartel once German and French concessions overcame Belgium's demands. It gave Belgium's quota figures and relayed a Temps report that Poland and Czechoslovakia might later join a five-year arrangement. From Rome it reported that Austen Chamberlain's talks with Mussolini aboard yachts off Livorno had lasted over an hour, and it printed the Stefani agency's semi-official account of them. A signed column by Ministerialrat Dr. Häntzschel cited threats of dismissal and boycott intended to keep people from voting in the recent referendum. It called for a review of the laws protecting the freedom to vote.
On 1 October 1926 Le Figaro printed a signed essay by André Maurois admiring the French Basque country, where new villas copied the local farmhouse style of white walls, asymmetrical tiled roofs and painted beams; he likened this to great writers who build their style out of everyday speech. A Brussels dispatch reported that the international steel cartel of France, Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany had been signed on 30 September, after Belgium won its demand for a monthly quota of 295,000 tonnes instead of 265,000. Admiral Ratyé argued that building warships in series could get four ships instead of three for the same outlay. He said frequent changes to the naval programme kept the navy from building this way.
The Neue Freie Presse of 1 October 1926 opened with a Vienna editorial welcoming the new iron pact among German, French, Belgian and neighbouring producers. It admitted the cartel had its dangers but argued that splitting apart the coal of the Ruhr and the ore of Alsace-Lorraine had been folly, and that heavy industry's old chauvinism had given way to the view that continuing the war in peacetime would wreck European prosperity. From Warsaw came the news that Kazimierz Bartel's cabinet had resigned after the Sejm accepted Senate cuts to the provisional budget. Bartel had conferred with President Mościcki and Marshal Piłsudski before resigning, and the Sejm then rejected a left-wing motion to dissolve itself. The front page also carried the opening of a review of the Museum Friends' fifth exhibition, which covered medieval Austrian art, a field only recently opened up by researchers.
Fluctuat Nec Mergitur! — Tossed by the Waves but Never Sunk!
To the Electors of the Constituency
A Reader Writes to Us
This page of L'Echo Annamite from 1 October 1926 combined anticolonial argument with electoral politics and a complaint about the post. A signed column by Van-Anh argued that every conquest is unjust. It mocked France's claim that colonizing meant civilizing, and quoted the republican writer A. E. Babut's admission that interest and force had brought France to Indochina and kept it there. In an election address, Bui Quang Chieu offered voters his record of 29 years in the administration and twenty years of advocacy. He promised to seek "Franco-Annamite collaboration", more schooling and more dignity on the Colonial Council, and recalled the oath he swore before the body of Phan Chau Trinh. A reader writing from Donghoi reported that issues of the paper often went missing and blamed interception in post offices and French Residences. In its reply, the editors accused unnamed "black cabinets" of interfering with the mail.
This Geneva front page of 1 October 1926 led with an editorial signed J. M. which, at the outset of the referendum campaign, gave the paper's first reason for opposing a permanent federal grain monopoly. It accepted wartime state control of bread and coal as an emergency necessity but called a peacetime state import monopoly a dangerous leap into statism. Below it, Colonel Feyler attacked an international pacifist manifesto to the League of Nations against conscription, singling out its Swiss signatories Auguste Forel and Léonard Ragaz and holding up Switzerland's long practice of compulsory service as what had secured the country's existence and freedom. A Berlin dispatch described German reactions to the Thoiry meeting and Locarno, from talk of a Franco-German alliance to the Tägliche Rundschau's demand that occupation troops and military control be ended first.
In a readable passage from an editorial on Bulgarian foreign policy, Belgrade's Politika argued that Andrey Lyapchev's cabinet was carrying on the course of Professor Aleksandar Tsankov's government. In the paper's view the only change was one of style. The former foreign minister, Hristo Kalfov, had been crude and unable to hide what he was doing. His successor, Atanas Burov, was talented and skilled at manoeuvring. Politika charged that all of Burov's manoeuvres served one aim: to leave Yugoslavia in a hopeless position so that he could plunge a knife into its back. It said anyone who knew the cabinet's make-up could not doubt this.
This Aftenposten page combined industry, charity and court news. In an interview, Norsk Hydro's director general Axel Aubert said that a new experimental plant would need only a third of the power per unit of fixed nitrogen required by the old Birkeland-Eyde method. He said it would be finished during 1927 and would use Director Holmboe's electrolytic cell, that the essential part of the work could be done in Norway, giving many Norwegian workers employment, and he flatly denied rumours of cooperation with F. G. Farbenindustri (Badische). Three signatories opened the paper's annual Argus winter collection for the "shamefaced poor", warning that although living costs had fallen, unemployment had risen, and that people were being turned away from a closed Argus office. A short court notice listed the dignitaries invited to the King and Queen's gala dinner for the visiting Finnish president.
25 Years as Professor: Prof. Mr. C. van Vollenhoven
12½ Years as Salaried Official of the Christian Metalworkers' Union
The Inauguration of the New Members of the L.S.C.
The Leidsch Dagblad of 1 October 1926 gave its front page a strongly Leiden flavour. A warm tribute marked Cornelis van Vollenhoven's 25 years as a professor, praising his lectures, his character and his authority on colonial questions, and recalling his career from his 1891 enrolment to his pioneering book on the law of the Netherlands Indies. A report from a jubilee of the Christian Metalworkers' Union described how Frans Elkerbout, its salaried official for 12½ years, received a gold watch and spoke of the faith that had sustained his work. A speech to newly inaugurated members of the Leiden Student Corps urged freshmen to build real solidarity without becoming a 'herd animal'.
On 1 October 1926 the Shanghai daily Shibao carried a short war dispatch headed as a great battle in preparation. It reported that the main body of the Southern Army had already moved east downriver, and that He Jian's force, earlier sent north of Hankou, had come to Hankou that day to head east as well, so that the situation was more urgent than ever. Elsewhere on the page, the Guangyi Book Company of Shanghai advertised four sets of Fanshan's writings, from a ten-volume collected poems and prose to a two-volume book of humorous verse, all at 60 percent of list price with postage extra. The advertisement also listed branches from Beijing to Kaifeng. Only a fragment of the military report is legible, so its wider context cannot be established.
Books Sold on Commission by This Paper's Publishing Section
World Daily Supplement Bound Volume
Public Notice from the First Stage and the Deji Trading Company
This page of Beijing's World Daily (Shijie Ribao) for October 1, 1926, as read here, is commercial rather than political. The paper's own Publishing Section announced that it sold valuable Chinese books and magazines on commission and began a digest of titles recently entrusted to it. A second advertisement promoted a monthly bound volume of the World Daily Supplement, stressing fine printing and binding, about 120 pages per volume, and a clear difference from crude bundles of old newspapers. A short notice from the First Stage theatre and the Deji Trading Company said film screenings there were suspended and their contract cancelled because new films had not reached Beijing.
This Santiago page from 1 October 1926 carried a photo spread on officers and sailors from the British cruiser Colombo visiting the Chilean capital. The numbered captions that survive include a scene in front of La Moneda and the ship's officers arriving to greet the President of the Republic. Next to the photos ran part of "El Horno", a story credited to Guy Dent: a man looking for a woman named Violeta reaches No. 27 Linden Avenue, a house between two empty ones, and reflects that it is a good, quiet spot for experiments. Lower down, an advertisement announced a benefit performance of "Thaïs" for the fire brigade at the Teatro Municipal on 8 October, starring Carmen Melis and Armando Crabbe, with boxes priced from $250 to $500 and another category at $100. This reading is limited to the legible fragments and does not include the full photo spread or story.
Crítica's front page of 1 October 1926 kept the Vicente López murder of Dr. Ray at the centre. A reporter described finally breaking down the reluctance of Mr. Cleary, an Englishman whose servant Angela Villalba had made statements in the case, and quoted him saying that his Argentine-born wife had been raised in England, kept Saxon customs and spoke Spanish only enough to deal with the household staff. An editorial accused a rival paper that preached journalistic restraint of seeing the case chiefly as material for the next elections and of printing in full the account of María Poey's life taken from the case file. A news column described detectives from the capital and the province converging on Commissioner Santiago's office, where he told reporters that the police were hunting the thieves.
Il Piccolo's page of 1 October 1926 carried three quite different items. The first was a long quotation from the Rome daily La Tribuna, which treated Mussolini's meeting with Austen Chamberlain as proof that Europe could no longer be run without Italy. It sneered at Italian social-democratic papers for fawning over the Briand–Stresemann talks, and said questions such as Tangier and Abyssinia were already clear from recently reached terms. From Paris, the paper reported that Poincaré told a protesting parliamentary delegation that his government would put a confidence vote on each administrative-reform decree and accept no amendments. From Genoa and Turin came news that the end-of-month stock-exchange settlement had been suspended: brokers had gone insolvent, and the failure of a Genoa broker had held up deliveries of securities to the Bank of Italy. This reading is limited to the three selected excerpts and does not include the page's other articles.